What type of acid is used in lead-acid batteries?

Table of Contents

1. Introduction to Lead-Acid Batteries
2. Sulfuric Acid in Lead-Acid Batteries
3. Chemical Reactions in Lead-Acid Batteries
4. Xiaoyang Power Sources Company Solutions
5. Conclusion
6. References

Introduction to Lead-Acid Batteries

Lead-acid batteries are one of the oldest types of rechargeable batteries. They were invented in 1859 by Gaston Planté and have been used in various applications such as automotive, backup power, and energy storage systems. These batteries are known for their reliability, low cost, and the ability to supply high surge currents.

Sulfuric Acid in Lead-Acid Batteries

The key component of lead-acid batteries that facilitates the electrochemical reactions is sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄). Sulfuric acid serves as the electrolyte in the battery, allowing ions to move between the battery's plates during the charge and discharge cycles.

• Specific Gravity: Typically 1.265 to 1.285 at 25°C
• Concentration: Approximately 30-35% by weight in a fully charged battery
• pH Level: Less than 1, indicating a highly acidic nature

Chemical Reactions in Lead-Acid Batteries

The operation of a lead-acid battery involves a series of chemical reactions. The primary reactions are between the lead dioxide (PbO₂) on the cathode, the sponge lead (Pb) on the anode, and the sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄).

Discharge Reaction:

\[ \text{PbO}_2 + \text{Pb} + 2\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \rightarrow 2\text{PbSO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \]

Charge Reaction:

\[ 2\text{PbSO}_4 + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{PbO}_2 + \text{Pb} + 2\text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \]

Xiaoyang Power Sources Company Solutions

Xiaoyang Power Sources is a leading manufacturer specializing in advanced lead-acid battery solutions. The company offers enhanced battery designs that optimize performance and efficiency.

• Battery Lifespan: Up to 15% longer lifespan with advanced grid technology
• Charge Efficiency: Achieves over 95% efficiency with proprietary electrolyte formulations
• Temperature Range: Operates effectively in temperatures from -20°C to 50°C

Conclusion

Lead-acid batteries rely on sulfuric acid as a crucial component for their operation. The chemical mechanism involving this acid enables these batteries to deliver reliable power across various industries. Advances by companies like Xiaoyang Power Sources continue to enhance these systems for wider and more efficient usage.

References

1. Rand, D. A. J., Moseley, P. T., & Garche, J. (2004). Valve-Regulated Lead–Acid Batteries. Elsevier.
2. Yang, H., & Zhang, X. (2020). Enhancements in Lead–Acid Battery Technologies. Journal of Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage, 17(4), 041003.
3. Xiaoyang Power Sources. (2023). Advanced Battery Solutions. Xiaoyang Power Sources.