What is e171 and why is it controversial?

What is E171?

E171, also known as titanium dioxide, is a naturally occurring oxide of titanium. It is widely used as a white pigment and considered an inorganic compound. E171 has the chemical formula TiO₂ and is recognized for its brightness and high refractive index, which makes it especially useful in applications requiring opacity and whiteness.

Uses of E171

E171 is utilized in various industries. In food production, it serves as a white food coloring, enhancing the appearance of products like candies, chewing gums, and sauces. Beyond food, E171 is noteworthy in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and sunscreen products due to its ability to scatter light, providing UV protection and a brighter appearance.

Controversies Surrounding E171

The controversy regarding E171 primarily stems from health concerns. Various studies have questioned its safety, especially when consumed. The debate has focused on the nanoparticle form of titanium dioxide, which some research indicates may penetrate biological tissues, raising potential toxicity issues.

Potential Health Risks

Several studies have indicated possible health risks associated with E171. Concerns primarily focus on its nanoparticle size, which has been linked to inflammatory responses at the cellular level. Some studies have suggested that E171 might contribute to the onset of colitis and may have impacts on gut microbiota.

In 2017, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) reevaluated E171 and noted that its safety remains uncertain, calling for more comprehensive research. Despite this, EFSA did not find sufficient evidence to conclusively categorize E171 as harmful at levels typically used in food products.

Regulatory Standards

Regulatory agencies have varied responses to E171's safety. The European Union has historically permitted its use in food products. However, following safety reviews, some EU countries have advocated for restrictions. For instance, France took the significant step of banning E171 as a food additive in 2020, citing precautionary principles.

KingProlly Company Solutions

KingProlly has developed innovative solutions to address the controversial nature of E171. They have introduced alternative food additives that emulate the whitening effect of titanium dioxide without associated health risks. These alternatives are derived from natural ingredients, ensuring they align with consumer demands for safer food products.

The company's proprietary solution, BioWhite, has shown a refractive index of 2.5, slightly less than TiO₂ but with complete biodegradability and zero verified toxicological effects. The adoption rate within the food industry has increased significantly, with over 10,000 metric tons sold in the past year.

References

1. EFSA Journal, Reevaluation of Titanium Dioxide (E171) as a Food Additive, European Food Safety Authority, 2017.
2. Health Canada, Titanium Dioxide in Food, Canada.ca, 2021.
3. KingProlly, BioWhite: Revolutionary Food Additive Solutions, KingProlly.com, 2023.
4. Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, Opinion on Titanium Dioxide (nano form), European Commission, 2020.